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Explanation of this Video.
In
this
video,
we
see how the variation of the electric field, produced
by the acceleration of an electric charge at the poles of a battery
generates an electromagnetic field. This video visualizes the
electric
component of the electromagnetic field. The magnetic component is
perpendicular but unseen. The electromagnetic field propagates in
vacuum at the velocity of light, which is 3x1010
cm/s.
In
the
examples
here,
the electromagnetic wave is circularly polarized
on the right and the left hand side direction. The phenomenon of
circular polarization has been demonstrated directly by the american
Beth in 1936 and also independently by the British Holbourn. In
1949,
it was also demonstrated for microwaves by the italian Carrara.
In
those experiments, it was observed that rotation is induced to a disk
(makes it rotate) when light is thrown on it. A complete
description
of these experiments is published in the excellent book :
Physique
atomique, Tome 1:Expériences et principes fondamentaux. 2e
édition.
Auteurs: B. Cagnac J.C. Pebey-Peyroula Ed. Dunod
Université, Bordas
Paris (1975) Pages 261 to 268 in Tome 1. For example, the diagram
of
the Beth apparatus is: Beth Apparatus
The
motion of the batteries is responsible for the time of coherence of the
wave. This time is recorded on each clock. Finally, we see
the
wavelengths of each wavetrain.
---
What “Light” is
not.
We
can
show
that
the electromagnetic radiation cannot form circular
expanding waves in all directions, similar to the ones (in 2D) at the
surface of water, as erroneously claimed in some books. The emission of
a stable concentrated wavetrain in one direction (as illustrated in
this VIDEO) is absolutely necessary to explain the fact that individual
photons issued from a remote star, billion of light years away, can
always provide enough energy to excite the quantum state of an atom at
the detector. It is important to recall that it is well observed
that
an atom recoils when a photon is emitted. Also, we know that the
"sum"
of the change of atom momentum plus the photon momentum is conserved
(zero total change of momentum) during photon emission.
Consequently,
each emittted photon cannot be transmitted as a wave spreading in all
directions, because this would not be compatible with the recoil of the
atom in one particular direction. This is illustrated in the
VIDEO
here, which shows that the size of the electromagnetic wave–packet
remains stable and does not increase in size without limit, as we would
get from a wave model showing circles at the surface of water.
The
model showing circular waves spreading in all directions is therefore
not compatible with the observation of atoms recoiling when a photon is
emitted.
The
accelerated
electrons
at
the
poles of a battery emit electromagnetic
wavetrains in various directions. Furthermore, each wave train
possesses momentum, and gives a recoil to the emitting source.
However, since electromagnetic wavetrains are emitted randomly in all
directions, the average density of wave packets decreases as the square
of the distance, as observed experimentally. It is an error to
believe
that the density of each individual wave-packet decreases as a square
of the distance. Instead, it is the number of wave packets, which
decreases as a square of the distance.
It
is
well
known
that the description of a "particle" is not compatible
with the description of a "wave". Consequently, the idea that
“light”
is a wave when we use a wave detector, and a particle when we use a
particle detector (the so-called wave-particule duality) is too absurd
to be considered here. Furthermore, the energy of light cannot be
concentrated in zero volume inside a point particle. Light is
nothing
but pure electromagnetic energy forming wave packets, as shown in the
video.
The formation of individual "Photons" will be
illustrated in another video.
===============
Your own test after looking
at Video-1.
1-What is the time of coherence of the left
polarized wavetrain? (in nanoseconds)
2-Using the velocity of light 3x1010 cm/s, what is the time of coherence of the
right polarized wavetrain? (in nanoseconds)
3-What is the length of coherence of the left
polarized wavetrain? (in nanometer)?
4-What is the length of coherence of the right
polarized wavetrain? (in nanometer)?
5-What is the wavelength of the left polarized
wavetrain? (in nanometer)?
6-What is the wavelength of the left polarized
wavetrain? (in nanometer)?
7-What is the frequency of each wavetrain? In
hertz)
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