Series #1 - Non Relative Velocities
Relative Velocity between the Source and the Observer.
In modern physics, there are frequent discussions about the observation
of light from a remote source. It is generally stated that the
phenomenon observed depends on the relative velocity between the
source of light and the observer.
We must therefore investigate whether this statement is compatible with
observations. We show here an example in which the change of
velocity
of the emitting source does not produce an effect corresponding to that
statement. In that case, such a phenomenon depends only on the
observer’s velocity independently of the emitter velocity.
The
origin of observations involving only the observer’s velocity is as old
as 1725. James Bradley observed the star g
Draconis on December 3rd
1725, when it was passing just above his observing location. He
was
using a telescope affixed to a vertical chimneystack, in such manner as
to permit a small oscillation of the eyepiece. After several days of
observation, he observed that the star was moving southwards. The
observations were continued, and after a year, he concluded that the
star made a full north-south oscillation, which was repeated during the
following years. All stars around the observed location were
doing the
same oscillation. After serious considerations, it was
finally
understood that this oscillation of the position of the star is due to
the proper velocity of the Earth around the Sun. Since the Earth
is
moving around the Sun, stars appear to be shifted in the direction of
the Earth's motion (this is analogous to raindrops falling on a person
walking). In fact, Bradley used these observations to make the
best
known determination of the velocity of light of his time. This
apparent motion of the star is called “star aberration”. This
very
interesting story is reported from an
old
1911 Encyclopedia at the Web address: http://brandt.kurowski.net/projects/lsa/wiki/view.cgi?doc=563
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In modern physics, it is generally claimed that star aberration
discovered by Bradley occurs when there is a relative motion between a
source of light and an observer. This idea probably results from
the
influence due to the Einstein’s Relativity Principle, but it is easy to
show that this belief is not compatible with obvious experimental
observations. Since the time Bradley observed the apparent motion
of
the light source due to the Earth velocity, numerous astronomical
observations provided information about the proper velocities of
emitting stars.
In
astronomy, many binary stars are observed. The velocity of each
star
forming a binary system can be determined in a very reliably way, using
the laws of classical mechanics. This is compatible with the
observations. Many of the binary stars possess orbits in the same
plane as the Earth. Furthermore, the less massive star in those
systems, generally have velocity components, which are much larger that
the Earth velocity around the Sun. Consequently, at some
instants
during the period of the orbit, the star possesses a velocity, which is
equal to the Earth velocity. Therefore, at that instant, the
“relative
velocity of the star with respect to Earth is zero”.
At some other time, the velocity component of that star is very large,
so that its velocity becomes much larger than the Earth velocity.
Consequently, if the star aberration is due to “the relative velocity
between the source and the observer”, there should be a very large
"star aberration" observed from Earth. Therefore, during the
period of
the orbiting star, that star should oscillate due to the star
aberration, if we apply the principle of “relative velocity between
the source and the observer”
(on Earth). In some binary star systems, the star velocity
is so
large that one should observe a star aberration, which should be 10 and
even 100 times larger than the amplitude observed by Bradley.
Using any astronomical observation, it is always obvious that this
light aberration from those fast moving stars is totally absent, even
if the relative velocity with respect to Earth is very large. All
these observations are in striking contradiction with the assumed
principle of “relative velocity between the source and the observer”
One
must
conclude that the statement claiming that the Bradley
aberration (also called “light aberration”) is due to the relative
motion between a source of light and an observer is certainly
incorrect. All observations of fast orbiting stars prove, without
hesitation, that the star aberration is due to the velocity of the
observer, independently of the velocity of the light source. The
fact
that Bradley, when measuring the “star aberration” could actually
deduce the velocity of the Earth around the Sun in 1725, is even
contrary to the belief that things appear the same in all frames of
references. Physics must be compatible with obvious
observations.
There are many consequences following those astronomical
observations.
For example, due to the obvious error in the claim described above, the
phenomenon of “Bradley aberration” has been totally ignored in the
calculation of the Michelson-Morley experiment. In the paper: “The Overlooked Phenomena in the
Michelson-Morley Experiment”
we see that, when taking into account the phenomenon of star
aberration, we find that the null result in the Michelson-Morley
experiment means that the Einstein’s space time distortion does not
exist. This is contrary to the common beliefs. We
know that the
experimental results observed in the Michelson-Morley experiment were
previously claimed to be a key argument in favor of Einstein’s
relativity. Consequently, when we take into account the Overlooked Phenomena in the
Michelson-Morley Calculation, demonstrated at the address:
http://www.newtonphysics.on.ca/michelson/index.html,
we
see that this experiment hopelessly disproves Einstein’s
Relativity Theory.
Paul Marmet
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rel-velocities-1.html Updated Sept. 1999